Exploration

Vision and Light

Some races, such as dwarves and half-orcs, have darkvision, but everyone else needs light to see by. See Table: Light Sources and Illumination for the radius that a light source illuminates and how long it lasts.

In an area of bright light, all characters can see clearly. A creature can’t hide in an area of bright light unless it is invisible or has cover.

In an area of shadowy illumination, a character can see dimly. Creatures within this area have concealment relative to that character. A creature in an area of shadowy illumination can make a Hide check to conceal itself.

In areas of darkness, creatures without darkvision are effectively blinded. In addition to the obvious effects, a blinded creature has a 50% miss chance in combat (all opponents have total concealment), loses any Dexterity bonus to AC, takes a -2 penalty to AC, moves at half speed, and takes a -4 penalty on Search checks and most Strength and Dexterity-based skill checks.

Characters with low-light vision (e.g. elves, gnomes, and half-elves) can see objects twice as far away as the given radius. Double the effective radius of bright light and of shadowy illumination for such characters.

Characters with darkvision can see lit areas normally as well as dark areas within 60 feet. A creature can’t hide within 60 feet of a character with darkvision unless it is invisible or has cover.

Object/Spell

Bright

Shadowy

Duration

Candle

n/a1

5 ft.

1 hr.

Everburning torch

20 ft.

40 ft.

Permanent

Lamp, common

15 ft.

30 ft.

6 hr./pint

Lantern, bullseye2

60-ft. cone

120-ft. cone

6 hr./pint

Lantern, hooded

30 ft.

60 ft.

6 hr./pint

Sunrod

30 ft.

60 ft.

6 hr.

Torch

20 ft.

40 ft.

1 hr.

Continual Flame

20 ft.

40 ft.

Permanent

Dancing Lights(torches)

20 ft. (each)

40 ft. (each)

1 min.

Daylight

60 ft.

120 ft.

30 min.

Light

20 ft.

40 ft.

10 min.

1 A candle does not provide bright illumination, only shadowy illumination.
2 A bullseye lantern illuminates a cone, not a radius.

Breaking and Entering

When attempting to break an object, you have two choices: smash it with a weapon or break it with sheer strength.

Smashing an Object

Smashing a weapon or shield with a slashing or bludgeoning weapon is accomplished by the sunder special attack. Smashing an object is a lot like sundering a weapon or shield, except that your attack roll is opposed by the object’s AC. Generally, you can smash an object only with a bludgeoning or slashing weapon.

Armor Class: Objects are easier to hit than creatures because they usually don’t move, but many are tough enough to shrug off some damage from each blow. An object’s Armor Class is equal to 10 + its size modifier + its Dexterity modifier. An inanimate object has not only a Dexterity of 0 (-5 penalty to AC), but also an additional -2 penalty to its AC. Furthermore, if you take a full-round action to line up a shot, you get an automatic hit with a melee weapon and a +5 bonus on attack rolls with a ranged weapon.

Hardness: Each object has hardness – a number that represents how well it resists damage. Whenever an object takes damage, subtract its hardness from the damage. Only damage in excess of its hardness is deducted from the object’s hit points (see Table: Common Armor, Weapon, and Shield Hardness and Hit Points; Table: Substance Hardness and Hit Points; and Table: Object Hardness and Hit Points).

Hit Points: An object’s hit point total depends on what it is made of and how big it is (see Table: Common Armor, Weapon, and Shield Hardness and Hit Points; Table: Substance Hardness and Hit Points; and Table: Object Hardness and Hit Points). When an object’s hit points reach 0, it’s ruined.

Very large objects have separate hit point totals for different sections.

Energy Attacks: Acid and sonic attacks deal damage to most objects just as they do to creatures; roll damage and apply it normally after a successful hit. Electricity and fire attacks deal half damage to most objects; divide the damage dealt by 2 before applying the hardness. Cold attacks deal one-quarter damage to most objects; divide the damage dealt by 4 before applying the hardness.

Ranged Weapon Damage: Objects take half damage from ranged weapons (unless the weapon is a siege engine or something similar). Divide the damage dealt by 2 before applying the object’s hardness.

Ineffective Weapons: Certain weapons just can’t effectively deal damage to certain objects.

Immunities: Objects are immune to nonlethal damage and to critical hits.

Even animated objects, which are otherwise considered creatures, have these immunities because they are constructs.

Magic Armor, Shields, and Weapons: Each +1 of enhancement bonus adds 2 to the hardness of armor, a weapon, or a shield and +10 to the item’s hit points.

Vulnerability to Certain Attacks: Certain attacks are especially successful against some objects. In such cases, attacks deal double their normal damage and may ignore the object’s hardness.

Damaged Objects: A damaged object remains fully functional until the item’s hit points are reduced to 0, at which point it is destroyed. Damaged (but not destroyed) objects can be repaired with the Craft skill.

Saving Throws: Nonmagical, unattended items never make saving throws. They are considered to have failed their saving throws, so they always are affected by spells. An item attended by a character (being grasped, touched, or worn) makes saving throws as the character (that is, using the character’s saving throw bonus).

Magic items always get saving throws. A magic item’s Fortitude, Reflex, and Will save bonuses are equal to 2 + one-half its caster level. An attended magic item either makes saving throws as its owner or uses its own saving throw bonus, whichever is better.

Animated Objects: Animated objects count as creatures for purposes of determining their Armor Class (do not treat them as inanimate objects).

Breaking Items

When a character tries to break something with sudden force rather than by dealing damage, use a Strength check (rather than an attack roll and damage roll, as with the sunder special attack) to see whether he or she succeeds. The DC depends more on the construction of the item than on the material.

If an item has lost half or more of its hit points, the DC to break it drops by 2.

Larger and smaller creatures get size bonuses and size penalties on Strength checks to break open doors as follows: Fine -16, Diminutive -12, Tiny -8, Small -4, Large +4, Huge +8, Gargantuan +12, Colossal +16.

A crowbar or portable ram improves a character’s chance of breaking open a door.

Weapon or Shield

Hardness

HP1

Light blade

10

2

One-handed blade

10

5

Two-handed blade

10

10

Light metal-hafted weapon

10

10

One-handed metal-hafted weapon

10

20

Light hafted weapon

5

2

One-handed hafted weapon

5

5

Two-handed hafted weapon

5

10

Projectile weapon

5

5

Armor

special2

armor bonus ×5

Buckler

10

5

Light wooden shield

5

7

Heavy wooden shield

5

15

Light steel shield

10

10

Heavy steel shield

10

20

Tower shield

5

20

1 The HP value given is for Medium armor, weapons, and shields. Divide by 2 for each size category of the item smaller than Medium, or multiply it by 2 for each size category larger than Medium.
2 Varies by material; see Table: Substance Hardness and Hit Points.

Substance

Hardness

Hit Points

Paper or cloth

0

2/inch of thickness

Rope

0

2/inch of thickness

Glass

1

1/inch of thickness

Ice

0

3/inch of thickness

Leather or hide

2

5/inch of thickness

Wood

5

10/inch of thickness

Stone

8

15/inch of thickness

Iron or steel

10

30/inch of thickness

Mithril

15

30/inch of thickness

Adamantine

20

40/inch of thickness

Size

AC Modifier

Colossal

-8

Gargantuan

-4

Huge

-2

Large

-1

Medium

+0

Small

+1

Tiny

+2

Diminutive

+4

Fine

+8

Object

Hardness

Hit Points

Break DC

Rope (1 inch diam.)

0

2

23

Simple wooden door

5

10

13

Small chest

5

1

17

Good wooden door

5

15

18

Treasure chest

5

15

23

Strong wooden door

5

20

23

Masonry wall (1 ft. thick)

8

90

35

Hewn stone (3 ft. thick)

8

540

50

Chain

10

5

26

Manacles

10

10

26

Masterwork manacles

10

10

28

Iron door (2 in. thick)

10

60

28

Strength Check to

DC

Break down simple door

13

Break down good door

18

Break down strong door

23

Burst rope bonds

23

Bend iron bars

24

Break down barred door

25

Burst chain bonds

26

Break down iron door

28

Condition

DC Adjustment1

Hold Portal

+5

Arcane Lock

+10

1 If more than one condition apples, use the largest number.